Marbled White

Melanargia galathea belongs to the satyrine branch of Nymphalidae. Its common name refers to the contrasting dark and pale areas of the wings. [1]

A black-and-white mosaic covers the upper wings. The underside carries small hindwing eyespots. Pattern intensity varies geographically; named pale and dark forms remain variation within the species. [1]

Its distribution extends across much of central and southern Europe into the Caucasus and Asia Minor. It occupies sunny grassland, including warm, nutrient-poor sites. [1][2]

There is one annual generation. Females release eggs into low vegetation, and the young larvae overwinter among grass tussocks. Growth resumes in spring before pupation close to the ground. [1][2]

Larvae eat grasses, including species of Festuca, Bromus, Dactylis and Cynosurus. Red fescue, Festuca rubra, is an important British host. [1][2]

Males patrol grassland in search of females. Adults frequently take nectar from pink and purple flowers, including knapweeds and scabious. [2]

Larvae may be yellow-green or pale brown, with lengthwise dark stripes, a reddish head and a paired tail. [2]

The British range has expanded northward. Successful translocations beyond the former range show that suitable climatic conditions can extend beyond naturally occupied sites. [1]