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Priam’s Birdwing

Ornithoptera priamus

Lepidoptera / Papilionidae

Ornithoptera priamus is a birdwing with strong sexual dimorphism: males have green or blue fields on black wings, while larger females carry pale markings on a dark ground. Its island populations extend from the Moluccas through New Guinea and the Solomon Islands to Cape York.

Read the species account
Ornithoptera priamus, dorsal view
Priam’s BirdwingDorsal view.Illustration adapted from Ornithoptera priamus poseidon, non-type male, NHMUK013603364 dorsal by Peter Wing / The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. CC BY 4.0.

At a glance

Family ↘
Papilionidae · Troidini [1]
Larval food ↘
Birthwort family, Aristolochiaceae [4]
Male coloration ↘
Green or blue on black [2]

Identity and classification

Ornithoptera priamus belongs to the birdwing tribe Troidini in Papilionidae. Its named geographic subspecies include pronomus on Cape York and poseidon in New Guinea and nearby islands. [1][3]

Morphology and identification

Males have black forewings edged or patched with green or blue, and green or blue hindwings with black spots. Green forms often have yellow marginal spots. The underside retains these contrasting colors, with larger black hindwing spots. [2]

Females are larger, with less elongated forewings. Their dark wings carry whitish patches; some individuals have yellowish or greenish tones in these pale areas. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Populations occupy the Moluccas, New Guinea and surrounding islands, the Bismarck Archipelago, much of the Solomon Islands and northern Australia. Australian pronomus occurs on Cape York and adjacent Torres Strait islands. Egg laying is recorded at forest fringes, in secondary forest and scrub, and in gardens. [3]

Feeding and host plants

Larval hosts belong to the birthwort family, Aristolochiaceae. [4]

Artistic interpretation

Display and care

Keep the enclosure closed and display it in indirect light, away from heat and damp conditions. Handle the frame by its edges and clean only its exterior according to the maker’s instructions.

Sources and further reading

  1. Ornithoptera priamus: Names and taxonomy ↗

    Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Malesian Butterflies · Accessed 2026-10-11

  2. Ornithoptera priamus: External characteristics ↗

    Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Malesian Butterflies · Accessed 2026-10-11

  3. Ornithoptera priamus: Distribution and habitat ↗

    Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Malesian Butterflies · Accessed 2026-10-11

  4. Ornithoptera priamus: Biology ↗

    Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Malesian Butterflies · Accessed 2026-10-11

Sources checked 2026-10-11. Illustrations · Luminary Oddities.

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