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Luminary Oddities · Natural history & art

Spicebush Swallowtail

Papilio troilus

Lepidoptera / Papilionidae

Papilio troilus is a dark eastern North American swallowtail with blue or blue-green hindwing scaling and pale marginal spots. Its caterpillars fold leaves into shelters and feed on trees and shrubs in the laurel family.

Read the species account
Papilio troilus, dorsal view
Spicebush SwallowtailDorsal view.Illustration adapted from Spicebush Swallowtail, male (2658608221).jpg by John Flannery. CC BY-SA 2.0.

At a glance

Family ↘
Papilionidae [1]
Winter stage ↘
Brown diapause pupa [1]

Identity and classification

Papilio troilus and Pterourus troilus are alternative generic combinations for the same swallowtail species. [1]

Morphology and identification

Black forewings have pale yellow spots near the margin. The tailed hindwings are dusted blue in females and blue-green to green in males. Beneath, orange spots are separated by black and blue patches. [1]

Distribution and habitat

The species ranges from southern Canada through the eastern United States to Florida and west to Texas, occupying natural areas and flower gardens. [1]

Life cycle

The pupa is the overwintering stage; diapause pupae are brown. Shorter day lengths induce dormancy, with the response varying by latitude. [1]

Feeding and host plants

Larval hosts belong to Lauraceae, including spicebush, Lindera benzoin; sassafras, Sassafras albidum; and red bay, Persea borbonia. [1]

Behaviour

Caterpillars spin silk that draws leaf edges together into shelters. They remain concealed by day and feed at night. Males patrol host plants and flyways in search of females. [1]

Artistic interpretation

Display and care

Keep the enclosure closed and display it in indirect light, away from heat and damp conditions. Handle the frame by its edges and clean only its exterior according to the maker’s instructions.

Sources and further reading

  1. Spicebush Swallowtail Papilio (Pterourus) troilus Linnaeus 1758 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Papilioninae) ↗

    Hall and Butler, University of Florida IFAS Extension · Accessed 2026-10-11

Sources checked 2026-10-11. Illustrations · Luminary Oddities.

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