Red Helen

Papilio helenus, the red Helen, belongs to Papilionidae. The Taiwanese fauna uses fortunius for Taiwan and nominate helenus for the offshore-island material it examined. [1]

Dark wings carry a creamy-white patch on the anterior hindwing. Red markings occur near the lower inner corner, and the hindwing outline includes a tail. [1]

The Taiwanese monograph documents specimens from Taiwan and its offshore islands, distinguishing fortunius from nominate helenus in the examined material. [1]

The Taiwanese treatment records multiple generations and overwintering in pupal diapause, during which development is suspended. [1]

Taiwanese host records include Citrus, Zanthoxylum, Tetradium and Toddalia. The monograph documents a Kinmen specimen reared from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides. [1]

Fortunius is the subspecies name applied to Taiwanese material in the regional fauna; helenus is the nominate subspecies documented in its offshore-island records. [1]

The pale hindwing patch, red inner-corner markings and tail define the principal pattern and outline features in the regional plates. [1]

The creamy patch and red markings remain distinct within the dark wing silhouette. Bold outer contours preserve the tail and inner-corner outline. [1]

A closed enclosure protects the wings and tails from dust and handling. Keep the display away from direct sunlight, heat and moisture. [3]

How does the Taiwan population overwinter? The regional fauna records a dormant pupal stage, or pupal diapause. [1]

Which named host has a Kinmen rearing record? Zanthoxylum ailanthoides was used by the specimen documented in the Taiwanese monograph. [1]

The Butterfly Fauna of Taiwan provides the regional taxonomy, wing patterns, host records and seasonal biology. The Hong Kong symposium proceedings include nursery rearing records. [1][2]